IHZ'S FAMILy - tata cara debat bahasa INGGRIS _

Tata Cara Debat dalam bahasa inggris

ini pengalaman pertama saya dalam debat menggunakan bahasa inggris, bagi anda yang suka berdebat dan suka mengikuti kompetisi debat dengan bahasa inggris. Pertama yang harus diketahui adalah tujuan dari berdebat, banyak yang beranggapan bahwa yang harus dilakukan didalam berdebat adalah bagaimana cara kita membuat tim lawan terdiam sehingga tidak mampu berkata dan akhirnya kita mendapatkan kemenangan, hal ini lah yang salah, tujuan dari berdebat adalah untuk membuat para penonton yang ada di dalam ruang debat termasuk juri yakin akan pendapat yang kita sampaikan, kita harus bisa membuat para penonton berkata "oh iya, itu benar, saya setuju", apabila hal ini sudah bisa dilaksanakan maka kemenangan sudah pasti didalam genggaman. Cara meyakinkan orang untuk menyetujui pendapat kita, pertama kita harus mampu berbicara dengan lantang, intonasi yang jelas, serta diiringi rasa percaya diri yang tinggi, kedua pendapat yang kita sampaikan harus disertai dengan fakta yang jelas dari sumber yang terpercya, serta memberikan suatu argumen yang masuk akal dan mudah di terima oleh logika orang banyak, kemudian yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah bahsa tubuh yang juga harus meyakinkan dan dapat menarik perhatian penonton

.

Permasalahan yang di angkat dalam perdebatan di sebut sebagai mosi. cermati mosi yang di berikan apakah itu dalam statement "This House Believe That atau This House doesn't Believe That", karena hal ini akan mempengaruhi argument yang akan anda sampaikan.

Baik, sekarang kita menuju ke masalah teknis, debat inggris dilakukan oleh dua tim yaitu affirmative team (pro) dengan negative team (kontra), seorang juri dan moderator. moderator bertugas untuk mencatat waktu  serta melakukan pemanggilan, layaknya seorang pembawa acara.

Setiap tim terdiri dari tiga orang, yang terdiri dari first speaker, second speaker, dan third speaker. Dalam affirmative team, first speaker bertugas untuk memberikan pemaparan atas mosi yang akan di debatkan, usahakan pemaparan dilakukan kata demi kata, setelah itu baru berikan penjelasan secara keselurahan agar dapat membuat sebuah pembatasan terhadap mosi yang akan didebatkan. Setelah itu first speaker from affirmative team harus memberikan fakta yang sedang terjadi saat ini, kemudian baru memberikan argumen yang akan disampaikan, biasanya waktu yang diberikan untuk berbicara  rata-rata tujuh menit, dan usahakan anda memaksimalkan waktu ini dengan sebaik-baiknya.jika anda berada  dalam posisi negative team sebagai seorang first speaker yang anda harus lakukan adalah mendegarkan pemaparan serta batasan yang diberikan oleh first speaker dari affirmative team, ketika anda akan mulai berbicara yang pertama harus dilakukan adalah me rebut statement yang di paparkan oleh first speaker from affirmative team, baru setelah itu anda menyampaikan argument yang ingin disampaikan.

Second speaker from affirmative team bertugas untuk me rebut argument yang telah disampaikan oleh first speaker  dari negative team, setalah rebut dilakukan maka silakan untuk menyampaikan argumen anda. begitu juga halnya dengan second speaker dari negative team tugas utama yang harus dilakukan adalah me rebut argument second speaker dari affirmative team baru setelah itu menyampaikan argumennya. Pada umumnya point-pont penting yang terdapat dalam mosi disampaikan oleh second speaker dari kedua tim, disinilah letak inti perdebatan, jadi usahakan second speaker benar-benar menguasai mosi.

Third speaker from affirmative team bertugas untuk memberikan kesimpulan dari apa yang telah dibicarakan oleh dua pembicara sebelumnya, usahakan third speaker tidak memberikan argument lagi apa bila ada hal ynag perlu di rebut, rebut secukupnya. Begitu juga halnya dengan third speaker from negative team bertugas untuk memberikan kesimpulan dari apa yang telah disampaikan oleh dua pembicara sebelumnya, ingat usahakan tidak memberikan argument lagi.

Yang terakhir adalah reply speaker, reply speaker biasanya di jabat oleh pembicara pertama atau kedua dari masing-masing tim. reply speaker bertugas untuk menyampaikan semua kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh tim lawan, seperti 'negativive team tidak mampu merebut argumen kami atau negative team membicarakan hal yang sudah diluar topik, dan sebagainya'. usahakan posisi reply speaker di pegang oleh anggota ynag mampu melihat kesalahan lawan. waktu yang di berikan untuk reply speaker biasanya sekitar tiga menit, lebih sedikit dibandingkan waktu yang di berikan kepada pembicara lain.

Sebagai catatan kesalahan yang biasa dilakukan oleh affirmative team adalah mereka tidak mampu memberikan penjelasan serta pembatasan yang jelas, sehingga dapat dengan mudah dijatuhkan oleh tim lawan. Di sisi lain kesalahan yang sering dilakukan oleh negative team adalah mereka tidak mampu mencermati pembatasan ynag telah di berikan affirmative team sehingga mereka sering megutarakan argumen-argumen yang out of topic, hal ini tentu akan membuat mereka sangat mudah di jatuhkan.

Mungkin hanya ini yang bisa saya sampaikan, semoga bermanfaat.



TERIMAKASIH                               -MERCII-

Sister Souljah

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sister Souljah (born Lisa Williamson, 1964) is an American hip hop-generation author, activist, recording artist, and film producer. She gained prominence for Bill Clinton's criticism of her remarks about race in the United States during the 1992 presidential campaign. Clinton's well-known repudiation of her comments led to what is now known in politics as a Sister Souljah moment.^[1]

Souljah was the executive director of Daddy's House Social Programs Inc., a non-profit corporation for urban youth, financed by Sean Combs and Bad Boy Entertainment.

Early life[edit]

Sister Souljah was born in the Bronx, New York. She recounts in her memoir No Disrespect that she was born into poverty and raised on welfare for some years.^[2] At age 10, she moved with her family to the suburbs of Englewood, New Jersey, a suburb with a strong African American presence, a slight change from the big city feel of the Bronx.^[3]Englewood is also home to other famous black artists such as George Benson, Eddie Murphy, and Regina Belle.^[4]There she attended Dwight Morrow High School.^[5]

Souljah disliked what American students were being taught in school systems across the country. She felt that the school systems purposely left out the African origins of civilization. Also, she criticized the absence of a comprehensive curriculum of African American history, which she felt that all students, black and white, needed to learn and understand in order to be properly educated. She felt that she was being taught very little of her history, since the junior high school and high school left out Black History, art, and culture. "I supplemented my education in the White American school system by reading African history, which was intentionally left out of the curriculum of American students."^[6] From 1978 to 1981 she attended Dwight Morrow High School, which had a relatively even distribution of black, Latino, and Jewish student enrollment and a majority-black administration during the time of her studies. She was a legislative intern in the House of Representatives.^[4] Souljah was also the recipient of several honors during her teenage years. She won theAmerican Legion's Constitutional Oratory Contest, a scholarship to attend Cornell University's Advanced Summer Program.^[4]

Throughout college she traveled, visiting Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Finland, and Russia. Her academic accomplishments were reinforced with first-hand experiences as she worked in a medical center in Mtepa Tepa, a village located in Zimbabwe, and assisted refugee children from Mozambique. She also traveled to South Africa andZambia. She graduated from Rutgers University with a dual major in American History and African Studies. She became a well-known and outspoken voice on campus and active writer for the school newspaper. One of her noted campus initiatives was spearheading a campaign to bring Jesse Jackson to Rutgers to speak against the university's controversial investments in South Africa at the time, when divestiture from apartheid-era South Africa was a heated political issue. Sister Souljah was part of the Rutgers Coalition for Divestment, which successfully organized the Rutgers University administration to divest US$3.6 million in its financial holding companies doing business in that country. Sister Souljah and students across the state of New Jersey also organized a successful campaign to get the state of New Jersey to divest more than US$1 billion of its financial holdings in apartheid-era South Africa.

In 1985, during her senior year at Rutgers University, she was offered a job by Reverend Benjamin Chavis of the United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice. She spent the next three years developing, organizing, and financing programs such as African Survival Camp, a six-week summer sleepaway camp in Enfield, North Carolina.^{[citation needed]} She also became the organizer of the National African Youth-Student Alliance and outspoken voice against racially motivated violence in cases such as Howard Beach, Yusuf Hawkins, and more.^[7]

Sister Souljah became a controversial figure during the 1990s as a frequent guest on American television and radio talk shows. Her comments drew attention and criticism due to their inflammatory nature concerning race relations. Her position of influence among black Americans as a hip hop artist polarized groups and individuals both black and white and led to public controversy.

Sister Souljah is married to Mike Rich.^[8] They have a son named Michael Jr.^[8]

Career[edit]

Recording artist[edit]

Souljah appeared on several tracks as a featured guest with the hip-hop group Public Enemy, and she became a full member of the group when Professor Griff left the group after making anti-Semitic remarks. In 1992, she released her only album, 360 Degrees of Power. Both of her videos, "The Final Solution: Slavery's Back in Effect" and "The Hate that Hate Produced," were banned by MTV because of their inflammatory imagery. Her album sold only 27,000 copies, and so her label,Epic/SME Records, dropped her. It is believed that the album sold poorly because of public backlash from her comments in response to the beating of Rodney King, but it also received terrible reviews in the music press.^{[citation needed]}

Sister Souljah moment[edit]

Souljah became infamous for her statements about the 1992 Los Angeles riots. In an interview conducted May 13, 1992, she was quoted in the Washington Post as saying:^[9]

“

If black people kill black people every day, why not have a week and kill white people?

”

The quotation was later reproduced in the media, and she was widely criticized. Presidential candidate Bill Clinton publicly criticized that statement—and Jesse Jackson for allowing her to be on his Rainbow Coalition—thus the Sister Souljah moment was created.

Author[edit]

In 1995, Sister Souljah published a memoir titled No Disrespect. (Times/Crown/Random House. ISBN 978-0-8129-2483-1.). In 1999, she made her debut as a novelist with The Coldest Winter Ever. (Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-02578-3.). The latter was mentioned in the New York Times.^[10] An indirect sequel of the novel, titled Midnight: A Gangster Love Story. (Atria/Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-4518-7.), originally scheduled for October 14, 2008, was published November 4, 2008,^[11] and entered The New York Times bestseller list at No. 7 its first week out and remained there as of February 2009.^[12] Another sequel,Midnight and the Meaning of Love., was released on April 12, 2011,^[13] and another novel, A Deeper Love Inside: the Porsche Santiaga Story (ISBN 978-1-4391-6531-7), originally scheduled for October 23, 2012, was published January 29, 2013.^[14] A third Midnight novel, A Moment of SIlence (ISBN 978-1-4767-6598-3), will be published on November 11, 2015.

She also does occasional pieces for Essence Magazine and has written for The New Yorker.^[15]

Community activist[edit]

As a community activist, Souljah organized a number of service programs. In 1985, during her senior year at Rutgers University, she developed and financed theAfrican Youth Survival Camp for children of homeless families, a six-week summer sleep-away camp in Enfield, North Carolina. She has been a motivating force behind a number of hip hop artists' efforts to give back to the community, organizing major youth events, programs, and summer camps with artists such as Lauryn Hill, Doug E. Fresh, and Sean "Diddy" Combs.^{[citation needed]}

Souljah was the executive director of Daddy's House Social Programs Inc., a not-for-profit corporation for urban youth, financed by Sean "Diddy" Combs and Bad Boy Entertainment. Daddy's House educates and prepares youth, aged 10–16, to be in control of their academic, cultural, and financial lives. The students progressing through the program earn support to travel throughout the world.^[16]

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